Keywords: Electric generation, Biomass, Gasification, Plasm Tar Reduction
By: Suyitno, Wibawa Endra Juwana, Zainal Arifin
The objective of this research is to build a prototype of electric power plant equipment of 10 kW with multistage gasification system using flexi biomass which is equipped with plasm tar reduction. In the second year, the research focused on the scaling up of the gasification reactor to generate electricity load 10 kW, research on the cleaning equipment for producer gas (PG) of the particles using wet scrubber system and plasma, the test of motor generator performance using biomass producer gas fuel, and the economic analysis of electric production costs from biomass producer gas. The prototype of the electric power plant using producer gas fuel in which the gas was obtained from rice husk gasification, biomass and urban waste biomass mixtures. During testing the performance of motor generator several variables that changed were the type of biomass (rice husks, urban biomass waste, and a mixture of biomass) and the electrical load was varied from 2,000, 4,000, 6,000, 8,000, and 10,000 W. During testing, the fuel air mixture (lambda) was set at a value of about 0.3. From this research can be concluded that the prototype of electric power plant using rice husk gasification and other biomass have been designed, built and tested for electrical load 10 kW. WS (wet scrubber) was effectively used to reduce tar+H2O levels in the PG where the concentration of tar+H2O in PG bocome 5 g/m3. Plasma cleaning technique was more effective than washing technique with WS where tar + H2O concentration obtained was 3.6 g/m3. From the study within this year can be concluded that gasification power plant prototype has been successfully scaling up to the imposition of 10 kW. The performance of the PG-fueled engine generator has been tested that includes several parameters, the torque, MEP, specific fuel consumption, and efficiency of motor generator. In the motor-generator, the produced torque was 5.8 to 19.1 Nm depending on loading and material used in PG. The amount of MEP on the motor-generator fueled Producer gas is about 85-240 kPa depending on loading and material used in PG. The amount of thermal efficiency of motor generator PG flexi-fuel biomass was 6.8 to 31.1% depending PG loading and materials used. In general, the best performance of the designed motor generator was at 8000 W load by using PG urban biomass waste and the imposition of PG 6,000 W by using rice husk. By using PG rice husks and urban biomass waste, electricity production costs was Rp 809-1,090/kWh lower than gasoline namely Rp 1,664-2,045/kWh. Furthermore the electricity production cost from biomass fuel flexi PG can compete with the electricity grid.